Drugs, Health Technologies, Health Systems

Reimbursement Recommendation

Maralixibat (Livmarli)

Indication: For the treatment of cholestatic pruritus in patients aged 12 months or older with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis

Sponsor: Mirum Pharmaceuticals Inc.

Recommendation: Reimburse with conditions

Summary

What Is the Reimbursement Recommendation for Livmarli?

Canada’s Drug Agency (CDA-AMC) recommends that Livmarli be reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of cholestatic pruritus in patients with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) if certain conditions are met.

Why Did CDA-AMC Recommend Reimbursement?

The Canadian Drug Expert Committee (CDEC) determined that Livmarli demonstrates acceptable clinical value versus vehicle placebo and the currently appropriate comparator, odevixibat, in patients with PFIC. This determination was sufficient for CDEC to recommend that Livmarli be reimbursed. Given that Livmarli is expected to be an alternative to odevixibat, acceptable clinical value refers to at least comparable value versus odevixibat.

Evidence from one randomized trial showed that treatment with Livmarli for 26 weeks resulted in a clinically meaningful improvement in cholestatic pruritus (itching) compared with inactive foam in patients with PFIC. Improvements were observed across multiple pruritus-related outcomes as well as supportive blood markers. These outcomes aligned with patient-identified priorities and were considered clinically meaningful. Evidence from indirect treatment comparisons did not demonstrate a clear difference in effectiveness between Livmarli and odevixibat. Overall, the available evidence was considered consistent with similar clinical effects between treatments, although with residual uncertainty.

PFIC is a group of rare, inherited liver diseases that typically begins in infancy or early childhood. Patients and caregivers identified pruritus as the most burdensome symptom of the disease, with substantial impacts on their quality of life. Available treatment options often provide limited or inconsistent relief of pruritus, and some patients require invasive surgical interventions or liver transplantation.

CDEC concluded that maralixibat addresses an important unmet clinical need by providing a nonsurgical, mechanism-based treatment option that improves pruritus and may reduce disease burden. The committee considered limitations in the clinical evidence in the context of the rarity of PFIC and the challenges of conducting large trials in this population.

Which Patients Are Eligible for Coverage?

Livmarli should only be reimbursed for the treatment of cholestatic pruritus in patients with PFIC. Eligible patients are those with a diagnosis of PFIC who have clinically significant cholestatic pruritus and elevated serum bile acid levels. Treatment with Livmarli should not be initiated in patients with a history of liver transplantation or biliary surgery and should be discontinued if either procedure occurs during therapy.

What Are the Conditions for Reimbursement?

Livmarli should only be reimbursed if there is meaningful clinical benefit following an adequate trial of therapy, there is ongoing assessment by a specialist experienced in the management of PFIC, and the cost of Livmarli is reduced.

Review Background

Highlights of Input From Interested Parties

The patient groups (Liver Canada, the PFIC Network, and the Alagille Syndrome Alliance) noted the following regarding impacts of the disease, unmet needs, and important outcomes:

The clinician groups (Canadian Pediatric Hepatology Research Group [CPHRG] of the Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver; University of Alberta – Stollery Children’s Hospital; and the Autoimmune and Rare Liver Disease Programme at Toronto General Hospital) and the clinical experts consulted by CDA-AMC noted the following regarding unmet needs and place in therapy:

The participating public drug programs raised potential implementation issues related to initiation, renewal, and discontinuation. The drug programs also acknowledged generalizability and access considerations and system and economic implications.

Recommendation

With a vote of 11 in favour to 0 against, the Canadian Drug Expert Committee (CDEC) recommends that maralixibat be reimbursed for the treatment of cholestatic pruritus in patients with PFIC only if the conditions listed in Table 1 are met.

Table 1: Reimbursement Conditions and Reasons

Reimbursement condition

Reason

Implementation guidance

Initiation

1. Patients aged 12 months or older with cholestatic pruritus resulting from PFIC who have all of the following:

1.1. a diagnosis of biallelic PFIC of the following subtypes (gene mutations): PFIC type 1 (ATP8B1), nontruncated PFIC type 2 (ABCB11), PFIC type 3 (ABCB4), PFIC type 4 (TJP2), and PFIC type 10 (MYO5B)

1.2. severe pruritus for 6 months or longer with average ItchRO(Obs) score of ≥ 1.5 in the past 4 weeks while receiving usual care with at least one therapy used for symptomatic relief of pruritus

1.3. total serum bile acid ≥ 3 times the upper limit of normal.

Evidence from the MARCH-PFIC trial demonstrated that treatment with maralixibat resulted in clinical benefit in patients with these characteristics.

  • Although it is not needed for upfront PFIC diagnosis, genetic testing should be performed to confirm the PFIC subtype before treatment initiation.

  • Consideration should be given for the sponsor to facilitate and fund access to genetic testing where gaps exist in the current standard approach for identifying the reimbursed genetic subtypes or confirming the biallelic aspects of the mutation.

  • Usual care for the treatment of pruritus could include ursodeoxycholic acid, rifampin, or cholestyramine.

  • The pruritus assessment tool could include ItchRO, Clinician Scratch Scale, and ObsRO with alignment across therapies for cholestatic pruritic disorders where possible to simplify use in clinical practice and by the drug plans. If ObsRO is used, a cut-off of ≥ 2 points can be set for assessing initiation eligibility.

  • The average ItchRO(Obs) score should be based on morning and evening measurements over 4 consecutive weeks.

  • Maralixibat could be initiated similarly to odevixibat as per the reimbursement criteria for each public drug plan.

2. Patients should not have any of the following:

2.1. a mutation of the ABCB11 gene that leads to a nonfunctional or absent BSEP, such as a truncated form

2.2. a heterozygous PFIC mutation.

The MARCH-PFIC trial included patients with truncated BSEP and heterozygous mutations in the full cohort; however, these patients were not included in the primary BSEP cohort or the all-PFIC cohort that informed the main efficacy conclusions.

3. The maximum duration of initial authorization is 6 months of treatment (inclusive of the titration period).

In the MARCH-PFIC trial, initial treatment response was assessed over a 26-week period (approximately 6 months).

Maralixibat oral solution is initiated at 142.5 mcg/kg twice daily and escalated weekly to 570 mcg/kg twice daily (or maximum tolerated dose).

Renewal

4. For renewal after initial authorization all of the following conditions must be met:

4.1. Maralixibat should be renewed in a similar manner to odevixibat for PFIC.

4.2. ItchRO(Obs) should demonstrate a reduction of ≥ 1 point after 6 months from initiation.

4.3. For subsequent renewal, the physician must provide proof that the improvement in pruritus severity from baseline has been maintained every 6 months.

There is no evidence that maralixibat should be held to a different standard than odevixibat, which is currently reimbursed, when considering renewal.

The pruritus assessment tool used in the maralixibat trial, ItchRO(Obs), differs from the tool used in an odevixibat trial (ObsRO scratch score). Drug plans may consider harmonizing pruritus assessment tools across IBAT inhibitors.

Discontinuation

5. Maralixibat should be discontinued upon liver transplantation or biliary surgery.

The MARCH-PFIC trial did not include patients with imminent need for liver transplantation or those with previous biliary surgery. Therefore, the efficacy and safety of maralixibat in this group of patients is unknown. Based on clinical expert opinion, treatment with maralixibat should be discontinued in patients who experience intolerable adverse effects or progression to advanced liver disease requiring transplantation.

CDEC noted that, following liver transplantation or biliary surgery, patients should be reassessed by a specialist with expertise in managing PFIC to determine whether continued treatment or re-treatment with maralixibat is appropriate, recognizing that evidence in this patient population is limited.

Prescribing

6. Maralixibat should be prescribed by, or in consultation with, clinicians with expertise in managing PFIC.

This is meant to ensure that maralixibat is prescribed for appropriate patients and that monitoring and adverse effects are managed in an optimized and timely manner.

7. Maralixibat should not be prescribed concurrently with another IBAT inhibitor.

No evidence was available to demonstrate the benefit and safety of maralixibat when used in combination with other IBAT inhibitors. In the MARCH-PFIC trial, maralixibat was administered as monotherapy.

Pricing

8. A reduction in price.

Using the CDA-AMC analyses considered most appropriate by CDEC in which the treatment response for BSC was aligned with the MARCH-PFIC trial data, BSC loss of response was assumed to be 50% annually, and the benefits associated with maralixibat in terms of hepatocellular carcinoma, survival and liver transplant were removed, the ICER for maralixibat was $19,288,660 per QALY gained when compared with BSC in the indicated population. A band 4 price reductiona would be required to achieve cost-effectiveness at a $50,000 and $100,000 per QALY threshold. Price reductions for any given willingness-to-pay threshold are available in the CDA-AMC Main Report and Supplemental Material document.

Cost-effectiveness relative to odevixibat in the indicated population is uncertain due to the lack of evidence regarding comparative efficacy for pruritus. To ensure cost-effectiveness, maralixibat should also be priced no higher than the lowest-cost IBAT inhibitor reimbursed for the indicated population.

The CDA-AMC analysis is based on public list prices for all treatments. Further price reductions may be required if there are price arrangements (discounts) currently in place for any treatment included in the economic analysis.

Feasibility of adoption

9. Organizational feasibility of accessing specialized pediatric hepatology services and ongoing monitoring of patients receiving maralixibat must be addressed.

Given the limited number of pediatric medical centres across Canada and regional variation in access to specialists, implementation of the reimbursement recommendation for maralixibat requires careful consideration of organizational feasibility (e.g., through tertiary care networks or shared-care models).

BSC = best supportive care; BSEP = bile salt export pump; CDA-AMC = Canada’s Drug Agency; IBAT = ileal bile acid transporter; ICER = incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; ItchRO(Obs) = Itch Reported Outcome (Observer-reported); ObsRO = observer-reported outcome; PFIC = progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis; QALY = quality-adjusted life-year.

aFor the statement regarding the size of the price reduction required, band 1 = 1% to 24%, band 2 = 25% to 49%, band 3 = 50% to 74%, and band 4 = 75% or greater.

Rationale for the Recommendation

Clinical Value

Based on the totality of the presented clinical evidence, CDEC concluded that maralixibat demonstrates acceptable clinical value in patients with PFIC. Because maralixibat is expected to be an alternative to odevixibat, acceptable clinical value refers to at least comparable value versus odevixibat given that the evidence did not support superiority or inferiority for either IBAT inhibitor.

Evidence from one randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (MARCH-PFIC; N = 93) demonstrated that treatment with maralixibat for 26 weeks resulted in clinically meaningful improvement in cholestatic pruritus compared with placebo in patients with PFIC. Improvements were observed across multiple pruritus-related end points, including patient-reported and observer-reported itch and scratching measures as well as supportive biochemical markers of cholestasis. These outcomes were aligned with patient-identified priorities and were considered clinically meaningful by the committee.

Evidence from indirect treatment comparisons was insufficient to demonstrate a clear difference in clinical effectiveness between maralixibat and odevixibat for pruritus-related outcomes. The committee noted that the available indirect evidence was associated with important limitations, including differences in trial design, patient populations, and follow-up duration, which contributed to residual uncertainty. Pruritus was not assessed in the indirect evidence, hindering conclusions on comparative efficacy for this important outcome. Taking these limitations in consideration, the indirect evidence suggested similar effects on biochemical cholestasis without clearly supporting conclusions of superiority or inferiority for either IBAT inhibitor.

CDEC considered that maralixibat addresses an important unmet clinical need for patients with PFIC, particularly for those with persistent, severe pruritus despite existing medical therapy and their caregivers. Pruritus was consistently identified by patients and clinicians as the most burdensome symptom of PFIC, with substantial impacts on sleep, daily functioning, and quality of life. Maralixibat provides a nonsurgical treatment option that targets the underlying pathophysiology of cholestasis and offers clinically meaningful symptom improvement.

Further information on the committee’s discussion around clinical value is provided in the Summary of Deliberation section.

Developing the Recommendation

The determination of acceptable clinical value was sufficient for CDEC to recommend reimbursement of maralixibat. As part of the deliberation on whether to recommend reimbursement, the committee also considered unmet clinical need, unmet nonclinical need, and health inequity. Information on this discussion is provided in the Unmet Clinical Need and Distinct Social and Ethical Considerations domains in the Summary of Deliberation section.

Because CDEC recommended that maralixibat be reimbursed, the committee also deliberated on whether reimbursement conditions should be added to address important economic considerations, health system impacts, or social and ethical considerations, or to ensure clinical value is realized. The resulting reimbursement conditions, with accompanying reasons and implementation guidance, are stated in Table 1.

Summary of Deliberation

CDEC considered all domains of value of the deliberative framework before developing its recommendation: clinical value, unmet clinical need, distinct social and ethical considerations, economic considerations, and impacts on health systems. For further information on the domains of value, refer to Expert Committee Deliberation at Canada’s Drug Agency.

The sponsor requested a minor reconsideration of the initial draft recommendation to reimburse with conditions maralixibat for PFIC. One issue outlined by the sponsor in the request for reconsideration was discussed by a CDEC committee subpanel. The request was to remove restriction to biallelic pathogenic PFIC mutations in the initiation criteria.

The committee considered the following key discussion points, organized by the 5 domains of value.

Clinical Value

Unmet Clinical Need

Distinct Social and Ethical Considerations

Economic Considerations

Figure 1: Estimate of the ICER Used by CDEC to Inform the Price Condition

Bar graph of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio used by the committee to inform the price condition, ranging from $0 per QALY gained on the left to greater than $150,000 per QALY gained on the right. The figure notes that the economic value decreases as the ICER increases. For this review, the ICER used by the committee is $19,288,660 per QALY gained.

CDEC = Canadian Drug Expert Committee; ICER = incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; QALY = quality-adjusted life-year.

Impacts on Health Systems

Sources of Information Used by the Committee

To make its recommendation, the committee considered the following information (links to the full documents for the review can be found on the project web page):

All feedback received in response to the draft recommendation is available on the CDA-AMC project web page.

CDEC Information

Members of the Committee

Dr. Peter Jamieson (Chair), Dr. Kerry Mansell (Vice-Chair), Sally Bean, Daryl Bell, Dan Dunsky, Dr. Ran Goldman, Dr. Trudy Huyghebaert, Dr. Dennis Ko, Dr. Christine Leong, Dr. Alicia McCallum, Dr. Srinivas Murthy, Dr. Nicholas Myers, Dr. Krishnan Ramanathan, Dr. Marco Solmi, Carla Velastegui, Dr. Edward Xie, and Dr. Peter Zed

Meeting date: January 29, 2026

Regrets: Five expert committee members did not attend.

Conflicts of interest: None

Minor reconsideration CDEC subpanel meeting date: April 13, 2026